Penal Law's List

        

          "Might is right" was the rule of law in the uncivilized society. Neither  himself nor his property was safe from other persons. In India, criminal justice system begun with Manu. The King was the head of  the justice system and if King was unable decide something , then the matter was handed over to judges.With the passage of time, different criminal laws came into existence. During the British period in India, efforts were made to adopt a uniform law for whole of India.Now the criminal law in India can be explained under four heads which is almost same for whole of India except in J &K state or some parts of the  a few states.

Indian Penal Code(IPC) : 

           The Indian Penal Code was drafted by the 1st law commission of India under the chairmanship of Lord Macaule in the year 1834 and commission presented its report in the year 1837.With a lot of changes the final bill was passed and the Indian Penal Code(act 45 of 1860) came into existence in the year 1860. The Indian Penal Code has been explained in twenty-eight chapters and 511 sections. It is not possible to discuss every chapter in detail here in this page of the blog. Important sections of the IPC will be discussed in the home posts of the blog.The chapters of the Indian Penal Code are given below :

   1)   Introduction

   2)   General exceptions

   3)   Punishments

   4)   General exceptions

   5)   Abetment

5A)   Criminal conspiracy

   6)   Offences against state

   7)   Offences relating to the army,navy and air-force

   8)   Offences against the public tranquillity

   9)   Offences by or relating to public servants

9A)   Offences relating to elections

 10)   Contempt of lawful authority of public servants

 11)   False evidence and offences against public justice

 12)   Offences relating to coin and govt stamps

 13)   Offences relating to weigh and measures

 14)   Offences affecting the public health,                                                      convenience,decency and morals 

 15)   Offences relating to religion

 16)   Offences affecting human body

 17)   Offences against property

 18)   Offences relating to document and property marks 

 19)   Criminal breach of contracts of service

 20)   Offences relating to marriage 

20A) Cruelty by husband or relatives of husband

 21)   Defamation

 22)   Criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance

 23)   Attempts to commit offences.

Criminal procedure code(CrPC) : 

               There were different acts for the guidance of police/courts in different erstwhile provinces and presidency towns.These acts were 1st consolidated in the year 1852.This was replaced from time to time.The procedure which is applicable to all the criminal proceedings in India( J&K and Nagaland and Tribal areas in Assam) is in the criminal procedure code,1898.The code has been amended from time to time.The code has been written in 37 chapters containing 484 sections.The names of chapters are as :

     1)   Preliminary

     2)   Constitution of criminal courts and offices

     3)   Powers of courts

  4A)   Power of superior officers of police

  4B)   Aid to the magistrates and police

    5)    Arrests of persons 

    6)    Processes to compel appearance

           >summons

           >warrant of arrest

           >proclamation and attachment

           >other rules regarding processes

   7)    Process to compel the production of things

7A)    Reciprocal arrangements for assistance in certain matters 

          and procedures for attachment and forfeiture of property

   8)    Security for keeping the peace and for good behaviour

   9)    Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents

 10)    Maintenance of public order and tranquillity

 11)    Preventive action of the police 

 12)    Information to the police and their power to investigate

 13)    Jurisdiction of the criminal courts in inquiries and trials

 14)    Conditions requisites for initiation of proceedings

 15)    Complaints to magistrates

 16)    Commencement of proceedings before magistrates

 17)    The charge

 18)    Trial before a court of session

 19)    Trial of warrant-cases by magistrates

 20)    Trial of summons-cases by magistrates

 21)    Summary trials  

21A)  Plea bargaining

 22)    Attendance of persons confined or detained in prisons

 23)    Evidence in inquiries and trials

 24)    General provisions as to inquiry and trials 

 25)    Provisions as to accused persons of unsound mind

 26)    Provisions as to offences affecting the administration of 

          justice

 27)    The judgement

 28)    Submission of death sentences for confirmation

 29)    Appeals

 30)    Reference and revisions

 31)    Transfer of criminal cases

 32)    Execution, suspension, remission and commutation of 

          sentences

 33)    Provisions as to bail and bonds

 34)    Disposal of property

 35)    Irregular proceedings

 36)    Limitation for taking cognizance of certain offences

 37)    Miscellaneous.

Indian evidence act :

           When a consolidated judicial system was introduced in India, it became  to enact law relating to evidence so that court may come to some conclusion about the facts of the case and to pronounce judgements.The select committee constituted to prepare the evidence bill was submitted in the year 1872. The Indian Evidence Bill came into force on 1st day of September, 1872(act 1 of 1872).The Indian Evidence Act has been explained in three parts and eleven chapters containing 167 sections.The names of the chapters of act are given below :
                                  Part 1

  1)   Preliminary

  2)   Of the relevancy of facts

  
                                  Part 2


  3)   Facts which need not be proved

  4)   Of oral evidence

  5)   Of documentary evidence

  6)   Of the exclusion of oral or documentary evidence

                                  Part 3

  7)   Of the burden of proof

  8)   Estoppel

  9)   Of witnesses

10)   Of the examination of witnesses

11)   Of improper admission and rejection of evidence.

Local and special laws :

      There are some other acts known as Local and special laws or criminal minor acts in which special provisions have been provided which are not generally covered under the Indian Penal Codes. These acts are enforced time to time as per the prevalent circumstances.A list of some of such acts is provided below : 

     1)   The Actuaries Act, 2006

     2)   The Advocates Act,1961

     3)   The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

     4)   The Air Force Act, 1950

     5)   The Ancient Monument Prevention and Archaeological Site

           and Remains Act, 1958

     6)   The Ancient Monuments Prevention Act, 1904

     7)   The Anti-Hijacking Act,1982

     8)   The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act,1972

     9)   The Armed Forces Act, 1947

   10)   The Arms Act, 1959

   11)   The Arms Rules,1962

   12)   The Atomic Energy Act, 1962

   13)   The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act,1988

   14)   The Biological Diversity Act,2002

   15)   The Bounded Labour (Abolition) Act,1976

   16)   The Cable Television Network (Regulation) Act,1995

   17)    The Cattle Trespass  Act, 1871

   18)   The  Central Excise Act, 1944

   19)   The Central Vigilance Commission Act,2003

   20)   The Chit Funds Act,1982

   21)   The Cinematography  Act, 1952

   22)   The Citizenship Act,1952

   23)   The Commission of Sati Act, 1987

   24)   The Commissions of Inquiries Act,1952

   25)   The Conservation Foreign Exchange and Prevention of 

           Smuggling Activities Act,1974

   26)   The Contempt of Courts Act,1971

   27)   The Copyright Act,1957

   28)   The Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act,2005

   29)   The Customs Act,1962

   30)   The Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983

   31)   The Delhi Special Police Establishment Act,1946

   32)   The Departmental Inquiries Act,1972

   33)   The Dowry Prohibition Act,1961

   34)   The Dowry Prohibition Rules,1985

   35)   The Drugs and Cosmetics Act ,1940

   36)   The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954

   37)   The  Drugs (Control) Act,1950

   38)   The Electricity Act,2003

   39)   The Emblems and Names  (Prevention of Improper use) Act,

            1959

   40)   The Emigration Act, 1983

   41)   The Environment (Protection) Act,1986

   42)   The Essential Commodities Act,1955

   43)   The Essential Services Maintenance Act,1981

   44)   The Explosives Act,1884

   45)   The Explosive Substances Act,1908

   46)   The Extradition Act,1962

   47)   The Fatal Accidents Act,1855

   48)   The  Food Safety and Standards Act,2006Geographical

   49)   The Foreign Exchange and Management Act,1999

   50)   The Foreigners Act, 1946

   51)   The Indian Forest Act, 1927

   52)   The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration  

           and Protection) Act, 1952

   53)   The Identification of prisoners Act, 1920

   54)   The Immoral Traffic Act, 1956

  55)   The Indecent Representation of women(Prohibition) 

           Act, 1986  

  56)   The Infants Milk Substitutes,Feeding Bottles and Infant

          Foods Act, 1992

   57)   The Inflammable Substances Act, 1952

   58)   The Information Technology Act, 1952

   59)   The Juvenile Justice Act, 2000

   60)   The Lotteries Act, 1998

  61)   The Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999

   62)   The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act,2003

   63)   The Mental Health Act,  1987

   64)   The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

   65)   The Muslim Women Act,1986

   66)   The  Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 

           Act,1986

   67)   The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1955

   68)   The National Securities Act, 1980

   69)   The Negotiable Instruments  Act, 1981

   70)   The Oaths Act, 1969

   71)   The Official Secrets Act, 1923

   72)   The Passports Act,1967

   73)   The Places of Worship Act, 1991

   74)   The Poisons Act, 1919

   75)   The Police Act, 1861

   76)   The (Incitement and Disaffection) Act,1922

   77)   The Police Forces (Restriction of rights) Act,1966

   78)   The Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic 

           Techniques (Prohibition of sex) Act,1980

   79)   The Press and Registration of books Act,1867

   80)   The Prevention of Black marketing and Maintenance 

           of supplies of Essential Commodities Act,1980

   81)   The Prevention of corruption Act,1988

   81)   The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960

   82)   The Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984

   83)   The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act,1954

   84)   The Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotics  Drugs and

           Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988

   85)   The Prevention of Insult to National Honour Act, 1971

   86)   The  Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act, 1911

   87)   The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002

   88)   The Prisoners Act, 1900

   89)   The Prisoners( Attendance in Courts) Act,1955

   90)   The Prisons Act, 1894

   91)   The Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act, 2005

   92)   The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958

   93)   The Prohibition of Child  Marriage Act, 2006

  94)   The Prohibition on Sale of Cigarettes and other Tobacco 

           Products Around Educational Institutions Rules, 2004

   95)   The Protection of Civil Rights Act,1955

   96)   The Protection of Human Rights Act,1993

   97)   The Protection of Plants Varieties and Farmers Rights

           Act, 2001

   98)   The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act,

           1971

   99)   The Public Gambling Act,1867

 100)   The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised              

           Occupants) Act, 1971

 101)   The Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850

 102)   The  Railway Act, 1989

 103)   The Railway Protection Force Act, 1957

 104)   The Registration of Foreigners Act,1939

 105)   The Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988

 106)   The Repatriation of  Prisoners Act, 2003 

 107)   The Representations of Prisoners Act, 1951

 108)  The Scheduled Castes and  Scheduled Tribes (Prevention

          of Atrocities) Act,1989

 109)   The Semiconductor  Integrated Circuits Layout Design

          Act, 2000

 110)   The Small Coins (Offences) Act, 1971

 111)   The Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators 

           ( Forfeiture of property) Act, 1976

 112)   The Special Protection Group Act, 1988

 113)   The Standards of Weights and Measures Act,1976

 114)   The Standards of Weights and Measures ( Enforcement)

           Act, 1985

 115)   The State Emblem if India(Prohibition of Improper

           Use) Act, 2004

 116)   The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885

 117)   The Telegraph wires( Unlawful Possession) Act,1950

 118)   The Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1984

 119)   The Trade Marks Acts, 1999

 120)   The Transfers of Prisoners Act, 1950

 121)   The Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994

 122)   The Indian Treasure  and Trove Act, 1878

 123)   The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967

 124)   The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

 125)   The Weapon of Mass Destruction and their Delivery

           System (Prohibition of Unlawful activities) Act,2005

 126)   The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

 127)    The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act, 1956

                These are the four heads under which almost all the crime is dealt in India.  We will try to explain all the heads  as mentioned above with the help of examples later in our posts. It is also important to mention here that all the information provided in this blog in only informative  and not for the legal purposes.